In women, melasma fades slowly and incompletely after childbirth or cessation of hormone use. Epub 2018 Mar 1. For example, focal hyperpigmentation frequently occurs after drug-induced lichen planus Lichen Planus Lichen planus is a recurrent, pruritic, inflammatory eruption characterized by small, discrete, polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules that may coalesce into rough scaly plaques, often accompanied read more (also known as lichenoid drug eruption). Skin pigment disorders, injuries, and other changes in your body can cause your skin to lighten, darken, or change in color. Melasma is more prevalent among and lasts longer in people with dark skin. In the meantime, cosmetics can help even out your skin tone. 2018;19(9):2668. doi:10.3390/ijms19092668, Crawford NG, Kelly DE, Hansen MEB, et al. Aloesin works by inhibiting the production of melanin in the skin. Treating Hyperpigmentation: Types, Side Effects, & More - Verywell Health Generalised hyperpigmentation or hypermelanosis may rarely arise from excessive circulating melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) when it often has a bronze hue. Triggers include sun exposure, hormonal changes, and trauma to the skin, for example, due to acne or an injury. Learn more about the Merck Manuals and our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. If lentigines are a cosmetic concern, treat with cryotherapy or laser. 2014;27:721733. This skin condition develops when elevated levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone stimulate melanin overproduction. We avoid using tertiary references. They can possibly worsen hyperpigmentation by injuring the outer layer of the skin. People who are unsure what a dark spot is or have not been able to get rid of it can see a doctor to find out more. When it appears on the upper lip, it's referred to as a. 2017 Feb;25(1):119-125. Concerns & Conditions Acne Types of acne Cystic Acne Blackheads Whiteheads Acne Scars Aging Add the usual micro-chafing from sports clothes and you get the perfect storm for skin infections and irritation to brew.. Because melasma risk increases with increasing sun exposure, the mechanism probably involves overproduction of melanin by hyperfunctional melanocytes. When you think about hyperpigmentation, you probably think of your face. This results in inflammation of the hair follicle, Semkova says. We discuss these below. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Retinoid (retinol, tretinoin, adapalene gel, or tazarotene) Vitamin C. These ingredients can fade existing dark spots. Severe hyperpigmentation likely requires a trip to the dermatologists office. Burns, bruises, acne, rashes, or other trauma to the skin can cause it to produce more melanin and lead to dark spots. In this article, we look at what causes dark spots on the skin and how people can remove them using dermatological treatments and home remedies. When it comes to cleansers, you can try the Murad Clarifying Cleanser, which features salicylic acid and green tea extract to help keep skin clear and calm. The best treatments for hyperpigmentation on black skin should be OTC creams, corticosteroids, gentle physical exfoliants and salicylic acid peels. During microdermabrasion, a dermatologist uses a special device that has an abrasive surface to remove the outer layer of the skin. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Most cases are due to an increase in melanin production and deposition. During pregnancy, azelaic acid 15 to 20% cream and chemical peeling with glycolic acid are safe to use. Her work appears in Women's Health, Prevention, and Self, among other publications. Dark spots on the skin, or hyperpigmentation, can have a range of causes. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Sarkar SB, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay S. Addisons disease. Areas of the body that receive the most sun exposure, such as the face, hands, or arms, are most likely to develop sun spots. The result is the formation of dark spots in place of the skin injury. It may gradually fade dark spots on the skin. In the early years of this disease, skin appears sunburned and then gradually deteriorates to a bluish-gray or bronze hyperpigmentation. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Diabetes can cause areas of the skin to become darker. A specialized rotating device removes the outer layers of damaged skin which effectively reduces the appearance of all types of dark spots. "The . They are usually harmless and do not need treatment. Most often, the discoloration can be reversed once the drug is discontinued. Burns are classified by depth (superficial and deep partial-thickness, and full-thickness) read more ) or other causes of inflammation (eg, acne Acne Vulgaris Acne vulgaris is the formation of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and/or cysts as a result of obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying read more , lupus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of autoimmune etiology, occurring predominantly in young women. Treatment for skin pigmentation discoloration varies depending on the cause. Hyperpigmentation is often harmless and may require no treatment at all. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can occur after skin inflammation resulting from an injury, cuts, burns, acne, or lupus. It occurs primarily in pregnant women (melasma gravidarum, also called the mask of pregnancy) and in women taking oral contraceptives Oral Contraceptives Oral contraceptives (OCs) mimic ovarian hormones. There are several effective treatments available to resurface the top layer of skin and reduce or eliminate discolored areas. Dark spots on the skin are not a cause for concern and . Cosmetic skin or hair products can irritate the skin, causing dark patches to form. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Typical lesions occur on the face (especially the lips), hands, feet, and genitals. The effectiveness of treatment may depend on the cause of the dark spots and their extent. Diabetes: 12 warning signs that appear on your skin. (2018). And, if you work out and keep your sweaty clothes on for a while, you could be increasing your buttne risk. Most cases are due to an increase in melanin production and deposition. This treatment promotes new collagen growth, which may help reduce spots. Albinism: Albinism is a rare inherited disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme that produces melanin. (2017). Skin Pigmentation: Causes, Disorders, Treatment - Verywell Health It occurs when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. With spread read more . Inflammation may occur for various reasons that include eczema, psoriasis, injury to the skin, and acne. The most common laser to treat dark spots on the skin uses an intense pulse light laser. If single or multiple pale patches are observed, diagnoses to consider include: White depigmented patches (leukoderma) may be due to: Localised hypopigmentation and leukoderma Skin discoloration on the legs can be due to many conditions, including sunburn, vitiligo, and eczema. People can consider using a cream-based concealer to decrease the appearance of spots. 2023 Copyright Derm Collective. Procedures are more expensive than creams and are more likely to cause side effects, though they tend to work faster. As they moved within and outside of Africa, darker skin and lighter skin both came with key benefits: The number of melanocytes you have is pre-determined by genetics. (See also Overview of Pigmentation Disorders.) The glycolic acid inside the pads works to remove dead skin and unclog pores. The more pigmented the skin, the longer itll take to clear, Semkova points out. They typically first appear during middle age and increase in number with age. Injectable skin lightening and skin bleaching products may be unsafe. Laser resurfacing. Hydroquinone depigments the skin by blocking the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and inhibiting melanocyte metabolic processes. Focal read more ). Solar lentigines are strongly related to sun exposure in contrast to ephelides. (n.d.). In men, melasma rarely fades. A dermatologist may recommend one of the following treatments for dark spots on the skin: Different types of lasers are available. And yes, its completely common for patches to appear on your buttocks whether theyve arisen as a result of a condition, like butt acne, or seemingly come from nowhere. It can affect any skin type and is more likely during pregnancy, with older age, or after an injury. No studies back the claims that these treatments work. There are many skin lightening creams available both over the counter and by prescription. Lauren Sharkey is a U.K.-based journalist and author specializing in womens issues. One other note of caution from Semkova: Be aware that treating hyperpigmentation in people with darker skin is tricky, as one of the side effects of all available treatments is hypopigmentation (i.e., loss of pigment). She recommends reaching out to your doctor before trying any of the tips below. The following agents can be used to lighten epidermal melanosis alone or, more effectively, in combination: Resurfacing using chemical peels, laser (especially picosecond laser), intense pulsed light (IPL) or dermabrasion may be effective but unfortunately risks further damage to the epidermis and formation of more pigment. And remember: Discoloration on your butt is 100 percent common. This article discusses skin pigmentation and genetics. Focal hyperpigmentation can also result from neoplastic processes (eg, lentigines Lentigines Hyperpigmentation has multiple causes and may be focal or diffuse. Dark spots on the skin may not completely fade. The response of vitiligo to therapy is highly variable. While youll often hear hyperpigmentation discussed in relation to the face, patches can appear anywhere. Board-certified dermatologist warns consumers about the dangers of skin bleaching to achieve a lighter complexion. Use OR to account for alternate terms Lasers can also be effective, as theyll work to directly break down the pigment. This form of hyperpigmentation is often referred to as the mask of pregnancy due to the dark patches that develop on the forehead, cheeks, nose and chin. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. Skin colour Azelaic acid. This disorder is triggered by heredity and environmental factors. The spots are sometimes called age spots, sun spots or liver spots. For depigmentation from chronic skin conditions, consult with a dermatologist to determine the best treatment plan for you. Sweat traps dust and dirt and the longer you wear the clothing, the longer the skin remains exposed to irritants, Semkova says. Patil SS, Patil SM, Campbell R, Singh M, Plotkin M. Levofloxacin-Induced Acute Hyperpigmentation Changes in a Chronic Kidney Disease Patient. For mild forms, Semkova advises using azelaic acid and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Addisons disease affects the adrenal glands. Hyperpigmentation Buttocks: How to Get Rid Of It and More - Healthline This exfoliates the top layers of skin and allows fresh skin cells to replace damaged ones. Hyperpigmentation is a very common and usually harmless skin condition that describes small and large dark patches of skin. If a person notices other symptoms alongside hyperpigmentation, they should seek advice from a doctor. It also details skin pigment disorders and how to treat them. These contain a lightening agent such as hydroquinone, niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, kojic acid or licorice root extract. Ten percent of cases occur in nonpregnant women and dark-skinned men. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. Gimnez Garca RM, Carrasco Molina S. Drug-Induced Hyperpigmentation: Review and Case Series. Most (66 to 94%) read more (in which profuse lentigines of the lips occur), multiple lentigines syndrome (or LEOPARD syndrome, which stands for multiple Lentigines, Electrocardiogram [ECG] conduction abnormalities, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonic stenosis, Abnormal genitals, Retardation of growth, and sensorineural Deafness), or xeroderma pigmentosum. Focal read more ). Laser therapies Intense-pulsed light treatment is used for treating melasma using a broad spectrum of light to generate heat to target and remove pigment. Overview What is hyperpigmentation? doi:10.1111/pcmr.12262, Del Bino S, et al. Most cases are due to an increase in melanin production and deposition. It is due to an overproduction of melanin. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Chemical peels are safe and effective for lighter skin tones and can be applied to all types of hyperpigmentation, with melasma and sunspots being the most receptive to these treatments. Skin findings are nondiagnostic; therefore, a skin biopsy is not necessary or helpful. This type of hyperpigmentation is common during pregnancy. Triggers, Risk Factors & Long Term Outlook, Acne and Cushings Syndrome: Understanding the Connection, Shoulder Acne: Causes, Treatments, Similar Conditions, and More, 5 Glycolic Acid Benefits and Uses for Your Skin. Dark spots can develop after a bout of inflammation on the skin. Well share 10 at-home treatments you can try, Its perfectly normal for the skin of your private areas your labia, scrotum, or anus to be darker than the skin elsewhere on your body. Hydroquinone should be tested behind one ear or on a small patch on the forearm for 1 week before use on the face because it may cause irritation or an allergic reaction. 2017 Dec 15. Suntan in dark skin Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. Dark spots on the skin are not a cause for concern and do not need treatment, though people may choose to remove them for cosmetic reasons. Cosmetic camouflage using make-up is sometimes the best advice. Antipsychotic medications are known to cause blue-gray pigmentation in areas of sun-exposed skin.
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